Hydro-Modified Casio Watch: Surviving Deep-Sea Pressure Under $20

The Casio F91W is a digital timepiece that has not changed much since it was first launched in 1989. Known for its low price, dependability, and minimalistic look, this watch has gained a reputation over the years. Yet, various experiments and modifications have taken it far beyond what it was originally designed for, especially with the hydro-modification technique.

Hydro-Mod Process Explained

The hydro-modification involves injecting the watch case with mineral oil. This process removes any air pockets that may exist inside the case. As a result, the watch’s resistance to pressure is significantly enhanced as it counteracts the external water pressure—something typically found in high-end diving watches. Unlike regular watches, which depend on specialized casings and seals to withstand pressure at depth, the hydro-mod allows a simple watch like the Casio F91W to endure extreme underwater conditions.

Testing the Limits

In a 2023 experiment, a hydro-modded Casio F91W was attached to the manipulator arm of a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) that was then sent underwater. The aim was to test the limits of the watch’s durability, as the ROV went down to an astonishing depth of 4,950 meters (16,240 feet). Normally, an unmodified F91W would probably fail due to case deformation caused by pressure, but thanks to the hydro-mod method, the watch functioned perfectly during the descent.

Impressive Results

At a depth of nearly 5,000 meters, the pressure on the watch reached over 7,200 pounds per square inch, which is far more than any unmodified Casio can handle. The hydro-mod is attractive because it’s simple to do. By filling the watch with oil, it stops moisture from getting in, balances pressure, and improves visibility underwater by minimizing internal reflections. The process is also quite affordable, needing just some basic tools and a steady hand. You can find out more about this method here, or check out the video below.

Keep in mind that this modification doesn’t transform the F91W into a genuine dive watch. It still doesn’t have an ISO dive certification, luminous indicators, or a depth gauge. Nevertheless, it proves the remarkable durability of Casio’s design when used with straightforward engineering techniques. Such experiments showcase how an ordinary digital watch like the Casio F91W can exceed expectations.

For more insights, check out Watches of Espionage, G-Central, or follow @submersiblewrist on Instagram.

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