NASA Tests Americium Nuclear Power for Deep Space Missions

Key Takeaways

1. NASA has historically used plutonium-238 for radioisotope power systems in space exploration.
2. The potential of americium-241 as a new fuel source for nuclear power systems is being tested with the University of Leicester.
3. The project utilizes a free-piston Stirling converter, which enhances energy generation by reducing wear and tear compared to traditional engines.
4. Collaboration between NASA and the University of Leicester has facilitated successful testing of the americium-241 heat source simulators.
5. The tests showed that the new Stirling generator design can maintain electrical power during converter failures, indicating its reliability for deep space missions.

For many years, NASA has been looking into the vastness of space using systems that rely on radioisotope power. These nuclear power systems create electricity for spacecraft and scientific devices by harnessing the heat that comes from the natural decay of radioactive substances.

A New Fuel Source

NASA has primarily used radioisotope plutonium-238 (in the form of plutonium oxide) as its main fuel source. But the idea of utilizing americium-241 has been on the table for quite a while. Now, with the help of the University of Leicester, NASA is making strides to test americium-241 and see its potential.

Innovative Technology

The project revolves around a free-piston Stirling converter, which is designed to change radioisotope heat into electrical energy. Unlike conventional engines that depend on crankshafts, the Stirling converter uses pistons that move freely within the engine. This unique setup reduces wear since it doesn’t depend on piston rings or rotating parts. Consequently, the converter is capable of generating more energy over extended periods, which is essential for more ambitious deep space missions.

The testing arrangement involved input from both partners. The University of Leicester provided heat source simulators and generator housing, while NASA Glenn’s Stirling Research Lab contributed the test station, converter hardware, and additional equipment. The testing platform was operated by two electrically heated americium-241 heat source simulators, which matched the dimensions of actual ones.

Promising Outcomes

The test produced positive results. One notable advantage of the testbed design, as observed during the trials, is its capability to maintain electrical power even if there is a failure in the Stirling converter. This significant finding suggests a promising future for the Americium-Radioisotope Stirling generator, positioning it as a reliable energy solution for prolonged deep space exploration endeavors.

NASA, alongside the U.S. Department of Energy, continues to advance its research in this area, paving the way for future innovations.

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