Researchers led by Ansar Khan from the University of Calcutta have discovered that solar panels can cause more variation in urban temperatures than previously thought. Their extensive simulation showed that as rooftop solar panel coverage increased from 25% to 100%, the five cities examined—Athens, Austin, Brussels, Kolkata, and Sydney—experienced higher daytime temperatures and cooler nights.
Improved Simulation Methodology
This research improved on earlier studies by taking into account how energy transfers from the underside of the solar panels affect temperature. The heat generated through radiation and conduction from the panels led to increased temperatures during the day and a notable drop at night, when compared to cities without solar panels.
Temperature Variations Observed
The analysis revealed significant temperature shifts in the five cities simulated. While the aim of utilizing solar energy is to combat global warming, the unintended consequence appears to be an increase in urban heat. Kolkata, for instance, already reaches around 43 °C (109 °F) on its hottest days. Additionally, these temperature fluctuations can lead to stronger winds in urban areas, and potentially worsen pollution as the larger temperature differences between the ground, rooftops, and the sky can mix smog, dust, and other pollutants into the air.
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Conclusion
Rooftop photovoltaic solar panels can contribute to the heating and cooling of cities.
